“局外人”与“热带鸟”:巴别尔的身份认同与伦理选择

Identity Recognition and Ethical Choice of Babel as an “Outsider” and a “Tropical Bird”

20世纪俄国作家巴别尔的身份认同与伦理选择,体现出典型的多元性和矛盾性特征。以《希伯来圣经》《塔木德》为代表的犹太文化与以古典文学为主流的俄国文化,构成其身份谱系中的两大主要渊源;以法国文学为核心的西方文化与以口头文学为表征的民间文化,则构成其身份谱系中的次要渊源。面对任何一种文学传统和文化身份,巴别尔并非全盘接受和完全认同,而是接受中有舍弃,认同中有否定,其伦理选择体现出明显的跨界性。四种文化因素彼此融汇,矛盾统一,构成巴别尔的多元身份认同和多元伦理坐标。

As a Russian writer in the 20th century, Isaac Babel＇s cultural identity and ethical choice are characterized by diversification and complexity. The Jewish culture represented by the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud, and the Russian culture by classical literature are the major sources of his identity pedigree. The Western culture represented by French literature and the folk culture by oral literature are the minor sources of his identity pedigree. Babel does not unsuspectingly approve or accept any literary tradition or cultural identity. His ethical choice is obviously boundary crossing, approval and acceptance coexisting with disapproval and rejection. The above-mentioned four cultural elements become integrated and form the coordinate that marks Babel＇s diversified cultural identity and ethic judgment.