法院院长职权结构优化论——基于《法院组织法》与《民事诉讼法》衔接的考量

Optimization of Authority of the President of the Court: From the Court Organization Law and the Civil Procedure Law Convergence Angle

法院组织理论与诉讼原理具有深刻内在联系,从《法院组织法》与《民事诉讼法》相衔接视角考察我国法院院长职权的层级结构,可以为全面深化司法体制改革提供理论支撑。大陆法系普遍认可法院院长具有适度的司法行政权,并以不侵害审判核心事务行使为前提。就我国现实而言,法院院长职权重塑的逻辑前提是审判业务与司法行政事务科学分类。对法院院长职权应划分为审判职权、司法行政职权。在审判职权行使方面遵循与法官同权原则,限制院长程序性决定权,确立院长审案分案的一般规则及动态调整机制;司法行政职权则应保持谦抑,开列院长司法行政职权清单有助于预防权力跨界。

The theory of Court organization and litigation are intrinsically linked. When we analyze president of the court, the organization and the theory of court proceedings convergence should be used. Civil law countries and regions generally recognize that the president of a court has limited judicial administrative power, but with the premise of not infringing the exercise of trial power. In China, the logic premise of court president authority remodeling is the classification of trial and judicial administrative affairs. The authority of the court president shall be divided into trial authority and the judicial administrative authority. For the former, the president enjoys equal rights and powers with the trial judge, limiting its procedural decisions power, while establishing the general rule and dynamic adjustment mechanism of trial and allocation power. For the latter, judicial administrative authority should remain modest, while establishing a list of the judicial administrative authority to prevent the abuse.