高本汉论汉语汉字特征的启发

Edifications from Features of Chinese and Chinese Characters in Works By Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren

高本汉提出,汉语的"单音节、孤立"是从早期具有复杂的形式变化演变过来的,比英语更先进。汉语的特征是词义繁复、句法灵活、缺乏形态,单音词可用作名词、动词、形容词,修辞上多省略和隐喻。他把"六书"归纳为单体象形、复体会意、借音和半表声半表意,如果理解造字法,认得少数象形字,学会一两千字并不难。汉语和汉字"辗转循环",互动发展。由单音词到复合字,为别同音加偏旁,无语缀则造语助词。文言书面语超越方言并可与古人交谈,使人热爱古代文化。对新文化提倡白话文他热情肯定,但指出汉字拼音化办不到,因为汉语和汉字"非常适合",废弃汉字,文言就难以保存。由于熟知印欧语和汉语,又无偏见和成见,所以能把"他者"看得透彻。

Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren pointed out that Chinese, as a monosyllabic isolating language, had involved from completed form in early stage and was superior to English. Chinese is complex in semantic, flexible in grammar, and lack in morphology. A monosyllabic word can be a noun, verb and adjective all in one. Ellipsis and metaphor are common in rhetoric. He thought that if one can understand the formation of Chinese character and know some pictographs, it would be easy to learn 1000 to 2000 Chinese characters. Chinese and its character interact and develop and the written language makes it possible to communicate with the ancients. Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren thought that vernacular writing was good but alphabetization as impossible because Chinese and its character suit very much. As a foreigner to Chinese to Indo-European without bias or prejudice, he made an incisive analysis on Chinese with good knowledge and Chinese languages