现代口述史从何谈起?——基于中国近代报刊“口述”文献的考察

The Origin of Modern Oral History as Based on the “Oral” Literature in Modern Chinese Newspapers and Periodicals

现代口述史学诞生于1948年,现代口述史则应产生更早。现代口述史的"现代性"主要体现在工具、理论两大层面。工具层面体现在录音机的使用,起点始于1877年录音机之前身——留声机的发明。理论层面体现在对个人生活的记录及人对生活的理解,可追溯至狄尔泰"生命哲学"。考察中国近代报刊"口述"文献,可为探寻现代口述史之始提供线索:民国时期已有条件使用录音机采集口述史,有的口述史也体现出理论上的"现代性"。

Modern oral historiography was born in 1948, while modern oral history should appear earlier. The modernity of modem oral history is mainly embodied in the two aspects of the tool and theory： the use of recorders, and the record of personal life and understanding of life. In the aspect of tool, it starts in 1877 when the phonograph （the predecessor of recorder） was invented. In the theoretical perspective, the theory can be traced back to Dihhey＇s Lebensphilosophie. The studies of the ＂oral＂ literature in modern Chinese newspapers and periodicals can provide keys for exploring the beginning of modern oral history. In the period of the Republic of China, there were prerequisites of using recorders to collect oral histories, and some oral histories can also reflect the modernity of theory.