美国华人移民的异文化压力：特点、影响因素和中介效应

Chinese American Immigrants' Acculturative Stress:Characteristics,Influencing Factors and Mediating Effects

从美国NLAAS的调查数据中直接抽取美国华人移民样本473份,探讨美国华人移民异文化压力的特点、影响因素及中介效应。结果显示:美国华人移民体验的异文化压力较大,且与多因素存在显著相关,英语熟练度、移民时的年龄、移居美国的年数和种族歧视对压力具有显著预测性;社会地位作为中介变量可以有效缓冲美国华人移民的异文化压力。

Adaptation to a new culture can be very difficult and stressful. Among the various results conduced by the acculturation, ac- culturative stress has been proved as the most important factors which affected the individual mental health during the acculturation. Past studies have suggested that acculturative stress is a more proximal risk factor in mental health problems than global perceptions of stress. Although a substantial number of immigrant children and families experience accuhurative stress, few empirical studies have examined the acculturative stress in Chinese American immigrants, especially the characteristics, influencing factors and mediating effects among them. At the individual level, this study pays attention to Chinese American immigrants＇ characteristics ,influencing factors and mediating effects. Combined the updated research achievements, this study test the characteristics, influencing factors and mediating effects among a national sample of 473 Chinese American immigrants. Data were taken from the NLAAS conducted by trained inter- viewers between May 2002 and November 2003. There are three stages to the data analysis. The first stage consisted of the calculation of descriptive statistics,a series of oneway analysis of variance（ANOVA） and T -test to discern the sample characteristics and group differences of the participants. Second, Pearson＇ s Correlation was used to examine the relationship and interactive effects between acculturative stress and socio - psychological variables. Finally,we fitted multiple regressions to identify the most significant predictor variables of acculturative stress and significant mediating effects. Resultsshowed that：（ 1 ）Chinese American immigrants＇ acculturative stress level was the higher among the Asian - American ethnic immigrants; （ 2 ） Acculturative stress level exist the significant regional differences, Chinese American immigrants in the western United States experience the lowest acculturative stress level; （ 3 ） Chinese American immigrants＇ acculturative stress level related with many factors,among them,English proficiency ,the age when migrated,age of immigration, discrimination act as the significant predictive variables; （4） Social position as a mediate variable, it may provide a buffer against acculturative stress effectively in Chinese American immigrants.