口腔健康教育对幼儿园儿童刷牙情况的影响

Effect of oral health education on children's brushing in kindergarten children

目的了解家长口腔健康教育对幼儿园儿童刷牙行为和口腔卫生状况的影响。方法随机整群抽取杭州城区两所幼儿园儿童为研究对象,对其家长进行为期3个月的口腔健康教育。在教育前后检查记录儿童牙菌斑指数情况,对结果进行统计分析。结果通过口腔健康教育,两所幼儿园每天刷牙2次及以上的儿童人数增加,偶尔刷牙和从不刷牙的儿童人数下降(P<0.05),而每天刷牙1次的儿童人数在主城区幼儿园和城乡结合部幼儿园则分别呈现下降和上升的趋势(P<0.05)。在主城区幼儿园,健康教育后每次刷牙3~5 min和每3个月更换牙刷的儿童人数明显增多(P<0.05),而城乡结合部幼儿园上升不明显(P>0.05)。健康教育后,两所幼儿园儿童的口腔卫生行为均存在明显差异(P<0.05),两所幼儿园刷牙后口腔的菌斑指数均明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);在刷牙前后,城乡结合部幼儿园儿童菌斑指数均高于主城区幼儿园,菌斑清除率均低于主城区幼儿园,切牙的菌斑指数均低于磨牙(P均<0.05)。在健康教育前、后,两所幼儿园刷牙后切牙的菌斑清除率均高于磨牙,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对幼儿园儿童家长进行口腔健康教育可以有效改善儿童刷牙行为,降低口腔菌斑指数,提高菌斑清洁率。

Objective To understand the effect of oral health education for parents on children＇s brushing behavior and oral hygiene. Methods Children in two kindergartens in Hangzhou city were selected as the research objects using random cluster sampling, and their parents were given oral health education for 3 months. The dental plaque index was recorded before and after education, and the results were analyzed statistically. Results Through oral health education, the number of children who had twice or more teeth brushing in two kindergartens was increased, and the number of children who occasionally or never brushed teeth was decreased（P〈0.05）. And the number of children who brushed teeth once a day showed a decrease and a rising trend respectively in main city kindergarten and urban and rural areas kindergarten. In the main urban kindergarten, the number of children who brushed teeth for 3-5 minutes each time and changed toothbrush every three months significantly was increased（P〈0.05）, while the number of children in the urban and rural aeras kindgarten did not increase significantly（P〉0.05）. There were significant differences in the oral hygiene behaviors of the two kindergartens after the health education, compared with before the health education（P〈0.05）. And the plaque index of the oral cavity after the health education was significantly lower in both kindergartens（P〈0.01 or P〈 0.05）. Before and after brushing, the plaque index of children in urban and rural areas was higher than that in main urban kindergarten, and the plaque removal rate was lower than that of kindergarten in main urban areas, and the plaque index of incisors was lower than that of molars （P〈0.05）. Whether before and after the health education, the plaque removal rate of incisors was higher than that of the molars after brushing teeth in the two kindergartens, and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Oral health education for parents of children in kindergarten can improve the brushing behavior of children and reduce the plaque index, and can improve the plaque clean rate.