杜仲雄花主要活性成分含量的多样性

Diversity of the Content of Main Active Components in Eucommia ulmoides Male Flowers

【目的】研究不同种质杜仲雄花主要活性成分含量的遗传变异规律,比较并评价杜仲雄花主要活性成分含量的多样性,为雄花用杜仲优良资源选育和开发利用提供科学依据和材料。【方法】以193份不同种质杜仲雄花为材料,采用AlCl_3比色法测定杜仲雄花中总黄酮含量,全自动氨基酸分析仪测定氨基酸含量,HPLC法测定桃叶珊瑚苷、京尼平苷酸、绿原酸、京尼平苷、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷6种活性成分含量,并对8种活性成分含量进行变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】不同种质杜仲雄花8种活性成分含量和多样性指数均以氨基酸最高,分别为206.23 mg·g^(-1)和2.05;变异系数以京尼平苷最高,达112.00%,氨基酸最低,仅为12.52%。相关性分析结果显示:桃叶珊瑚苷、京尼平苷酸、绿原酸、京尼平苷及异槲皮苷5种活性成分间均呈极显著正相关,氨基酸除与总黄酮呈极显著正相关外,与其他活性成分相关性不显著。通过主成分分析,前4个主成分的累计贡献率达87.040%,可以用于杜仲雄花资源前期的评价选择。基于8种活性成分,将193份杜仲种质划分为5个类群,各类群8种活性成分含量之间均存在显著性差异。第Ⅰ类群种质8种活性成分含量均较低;第Ⅱ类群种质氨基酸含量最高;第Ⅲ类群种质黄酮类化合物及其组分含量最高;第Ⅳ类群种质环烯醚萜类化合物组分含量最高;第Ⅴ类群种质绿原酸和京尼平苷酸含量最高。初步明确杜仲种质雄花的不同类型。【结论】杜仲种质雄花8种活性成分含量较高,开发利用价值大,而且表现出丰富的多样性和变异,很有选择潜力和改良潜力。

【Objective 】 This study aimed to disclose the genetic variation,compare and evaluate the diversity in contents of 8 main active components in Eucommia ulmoides male flowers,to provide a scientific basis and materials for resources selection and utilization of the male flower. 【Method】A total of 193 E. ulmoides germplasms were selected as samples,the content of total flavonoids and amino acids were determined by the AlCl3 colorimetric method and an automatic amino acids analyzer,respectively. Aucubin,geniposidic acid,chlorogenic acid,geniposide,isoquercitrin and astragaline were determined by HPLC method. Furthermore,variation analysis,multiple comparison,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out based on 8 active components contents. 【Result】In different E. ulmoides germplasms,the content and diversity index of amino acids were highest among the 8 components,with an average of 206. 23 mg·g-1and 2. 05,respectively. The variation coefficient of geniposide content was highest（112. 00%） and of amino acids content was lowest（12. 52%）. Correlation analysis showed that aucubin,geniposidic acid,chlorogenic acid,geniposide and isoquercitrin were extremely significantly and positively correlated with each other.The correlation between amino acids and total flavonoids was extremely significant and positive,while amino acids were not significantly correlated with the other 6 components. Principal component analysis revealed that the first four principalcomponents represented 87. 040% of 8 active components,and they were suitable for assessing the E. ulmoides male flower resources. Based on data of 8 active components,193 E. ulmoides germplasms were clustered into 5 groups and the contents of 8 active components were significantly different among the 5 groups. The contents of 8 active components were comparatively lower in the first group,the amino acids content in the second group was higher than the other 4 groups,the content of total flavonoids and flavonoids components were highest in the third group,the content of iridoid components were highest in the fourth group,and chlorogenic acid and geniposidic acid content in the fifth group were higher than the other 4 groups. Different types of E. ulmoides male flowers were preliminarily defined. 【Conclusion】The contents of 8main active components in E. ulmoides male flowers were high with great value of utilization,and high diversity and variation were found in different germplasms,which showed great potential for selection and imporvement. Thus,it could provide basal materials for the male flower breeding and the resources development and utilization.