蘑菇渣堆肥对油松容器苗生长及养分吸收的影响

Effects of Mushroom Residue Compost on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Pinus tabulaeformis Container Seedlings

【目的】研究蘑菇渣堆肥对油松容器苗生长及养分吸收的影响,探究蘑菇渣堆肥替代草炭进行容器育苗的可行性,以促进农业废弃物资源的循环利用。【方法】以油松1年生播种容器苗为研究对象,通过维持混合基质中珍珠岩比例不变,逐渐增加蘑菇渣堆肥的比例以替代草炭。试验设置堆肥添加比例0~75%组成8种基质配方,研究不同基质处理理化性质及其对油松容器苗生长、根系形态及养分吸收的影响。【结果】当蘑菇渣堆肥添加比例在30%以内时,各基质处理的出苗率能达到80%的生产指标,且苗木高度、地径、茎叶生物量以及茎根比等均与常用草炭处理(对照)无显著差异,而根系各相关形态指标(0<D≤0.5 mm的细根除外)保持与对照无显著差异的堆肥最大添加比例能达到50%。随着蘑菇渣堆肥添加量的增大,苗木细根指标(累计长度、表面积、体积)呈先增大后减小的趋势,在堆肥添加比例为30%时达到最高,显著高于常用草炭处理。蘑菇渣堆肥的添加也能促进苗木体内氮、磷、钾养分的积累,蘑菇渣堆肥比例为30%时叶氮、钾含量显著高于对照,苗木质量较高,有利于造林。各基质配方物理性质对于育苗是适宜的,基质密度虽随堆肥的添加而逐渐增大,但总体仍较轻,各基质保水通气特性亦差异不大。逐渐添加蘑菇渣堆肥比例大于40%后,基质pH由酸变碱会影响根系状态及离子吸收,是导致苗木质量下降的一个重要因素,而部分基质处理中EC值及有效性N、P、K养分水平的过高抑制细根生长,也是影响苗木其他指标的另一个关键因素。【结论】从蘑菇渣堆肥替代草炭的育苗经济效益及生态角度考虑,本试验中最佳基质配方为蘑菇渣堆肥30%、珍珠岩25%、草炭45%。此研究结果可为蘑菇渣堆肥在容器苗培育中的合理应用提供理论参考。

【Objective】The agricultural waste—mushroom residue,which remains after the production of edible fungi,is widely available and cheap. And it is now gradually cognized as a potential alternative to the peat for seedling production. This study aimed to explore the mushroom residue compost as peat alternative substrate material for the feasibility of container seedlings and promote cyclic utilization of agricultural waste resources. 【Method】This study was tested for feasibility as a component（0-75%） of a container medium for growing one-year-old Pinus tabulaeformis container seedlings in a greenhouse. The physical and chemical properties of different mediums and their effects on the growth of seedlings were studied. 【Result】When the proportions of mushroom residue compost reaching to 30%,seedling germination percentage could achieve 80% production index requirements; seedling height,diameter,shoot biomass,and foliar biomass all did not exhibit significant changes compared with the peat treatment. Root morphology（except the fine root of 0 D≤0. 5mm） exhibit little changes compared with the control when the growing media contained less than 50%mushroom residue compost. However,as the composition of compost in the mixed medium increasing,the fine root morphology index（total root length,total root surface area and total root volume） firstly increased and then decreased,and it reached the highest when the compost reaching to 30%,which was significantly higher than the peat treatment.Adding mushroom residue compost could significantly promote the accumulation of N,P,K nutrients in seedlings,and Nand K contents in seedling foliar increased significantly as the composition of compost was 30%,indicating that the medium could produce relatively high quality of seedlings which might be good for outplanting. The physical properties of all the treatments were suitable to grow seedlings. Density of medium gradually increased with the adding of compost but overall was still light. The water retention and air permeability of all treatments exhibit little changes. High pH value might be one of the important reasons to decrease the seedling quality when the composition of mushroom residue compost was higher than 40%,because it might affect the root system and its absorption of ions. Furthermore,higher EC value and available N,P,K nutrient levels of some treatments also might be another key reason to affect the seedling quality,including it might inhibit the growth of fine roots. 【Conclusion】Thus,combined with the substrates materials cost and environmental factors,the best medium prescription is 30% mushroom residue compost,25% perlite and 45% peat. This study provided a scientific basis for the evaluation of the application of the mushroom residue compost in the container seedling.