中国留美学术人才回国意向及其影响因素分析

The Willingness of Returning to China and the Push-Pull Factors Leading to Chinese Academics' Staying in the United States

学术人才跨国流动受学术职业属性以及世界知识体系格局变化的影响。为考察新时期中国留美学术人才的归国意向及其影响因素,本文对美国高校的中国学者进行了问卷调查和访谈,从中美双向推拉因素角度考察其留美行为。研究发现,调查对象近期回国工作的意向不强,三分之一以上的人不考虑回国工作。随着中美高等教育和科研条件差距日渐缩小,导致中国留美学者去留选择的中观与微观因素作用凸显。学术人才留美缘于多重因素的综合影响,事业发展、学术职业环境、人际关系、家庭因素以及移民动机构成留美未归的主要因素。

The transnational mobility of academics is determined by the nature of academic profession and thechangingfeatures of the globalized knowledge system. Based on a questionnaire survey and interviews, the paperinvestigates the bi-directional push-pull factors in China and America leading to the staying of Chinese scholars inthe United States. The findings show that more than one third of Chinese academics do not intend to return toChina. With the narrowing of the differences in higher education and research conditions between China and theUnited States, the multiple reasons at the institutional and individual levels play a more important role in Chinesescholars＂ decision on staying or retuming. The major factors leading to Chinese scholars＂ staying in the U.S. are asfollows： the differences in academic professional environment between China and America, the pursuit of careerdevelopment, interpersonal relationship, family factors, and the motivation of migration into the United States.