大豆基因组解析与重要农艺性状基因克隆研究进展

Research Progress in Whole-genome Analysis and Cloning of Genes Underlying Important Agronomic Traits in Soybean

自2010年大豆(Glycine max)基因组论文在Nature杂志上正式发表以来,以中国为主的多国科学家已对众多不同地理来源的野生大豆、农家品种及栽培品种进行了基因组重测序,并通过比较基因组学等技术手段,揭示了大豆基因组在进化与驯化过程中的基本规律。利用大豆基因组信息,科学家已成功克隆了调控大豆生育期、生长(结荚)习性、种子形态性状与组分、结瘤与养分利用效率、生物及非生物胁迫抗(耐)性等重要农艺性状的功能基因,并初步揭示了其相关的作用机理,取得了一系列突破性进展,为今后进一步精细解析大豆基因组与相关性状的基因调控网络奠定了坚实的基础,同时为通过分子(模块)设计育种来培育新品种创造了必要条件。

Since the soybean genome was published in Nature, in 2010, many researchers from different countries, mainly China, have re-sequenced the genomes of wild soybean accessions, landraces and cultivated cultivars of soybean. The general features at the whole-genome level during evolution and domestication have been revealed by comparative genomic analysis. Moreover, several breakthroughs have been achieved by using sequence information of the soybean genome, as evidenced by successful cloning of a number of genes underlying important agronomic traits and understanding their general regulatory mechanisms. The recent progress will lay a solid foundation for studying the elaborate regulatory network of different molecular pathways and fulfill prerequisites for breeding new cultivars with a molecular（model） design.