木薯两性花及其种子的形态特征

Morphological Characteristics of Bisexual Flowers and Seeds in Cassava

以前期发明的一种木薯(Manihot esculenta)调控开花技术为基础,成功研发出木薯两性花诱导技术,并发现诱导出的木薯两性花能自花授粉结实。该文报道了木薯两性花、两性花自花授粉发育的蒴果及其种子的形态特征。木薯两性花同时具有雌蕊和雄蕊,而单性花只具有雌蕊或雄蕊;两性花蒴果卵圆形且长宽比大,单性花蒴果阔椭圆形且长宽比小;两性花种子种脊不隆起,单性花种子种脊隆起明显。两性花和两性花种子是珍贵的木薯育种材料,对揭示木薯的遗传特性及培育木薯新种质具有重要意义。

With the flowering regulation technology of cassava recently developed by our research team, we successfully induced bisexual cassava flowers. These bisexual cassava flowers had the ability for self-pollination bearing fruits. Here, we report the morphological characteristics of bisexual cassava flowers and their capsules and seeds from self-pollination development. Bisexual flowers contain both pistils and stamens, but unisexual flowers contain only one of these. The bisexual flower capsule is ovate and has a large length/width, but the unisexual flower capsule is broadly ovate and has a small length/width. The raphe of bisexual flower seed is not uplifted, but that of unisexual flower seed is uplifted. Bisexual flowers and their seeds are valuable for studying heredity and breeding in cassava, which has important significance for revealing heritable characteristics and cultivating new germplasm in cassava.