生长素调控植物气孔发育的研究进展

Advances in Auxin Regulation of Plant Stomatal Development

气孔是分布于植物表皮由保卫细胞围成的小孔,是植物体与外界环境进行水分和气体交换的重要通道,通过影响光合作用、蒸腾作用及一系列生物学过程来促进植物适应环境的变化。生长素是最早被发现的植物激素,在植物生长发育中发挥重要作用。近年来的研究表明,生长素通过载体蛋白-TIR1/AFB受体-AUXIN/IAA-ARFs信号通路,调控STOMAGEN的表达;之后,经STOMAGEN-类LRR受体蛋白激酶ERf-MAPKs级联反应激酶-SPCH转录因子信号通路,启动气孔的发育进程。EPF1、EPF2和类LRR受体蛋白激酶TMM不是该过程的必需元件。生长素对气孔的调控受光信号影响,光信号通路组分E3泛素连接酶COP1位于MAPKs激酶的上游,参与气孔的发育调控。

As pores surrounded by two guard cells on the surface of plants, stomata act as important pathways exchanging water and gas between plants and the external atmosphere. Stomata can also adapt to changes in the environment by affecting the photosynthesis, transpiration and subsequent biological processes in plants. Auxin, the first discovered plant hormone, regulates various developmental processes in plants. Recent studies revealed that auxin is involved in stomatal development by transcription regulation of STOMAGEN via the auxin carrier protein-TIR1/AFB receptor-AUXIN/IAA-ARFs signaling pathway. Eventually, stomatal development is initiated by the STOMAGEN-LRR receptor-like protein kinase ERf-MAPK cascade protein kinase-SPCH signaling pathway. EPF1, EPF2 and the LRR receptor-like protein kinase TMM appear not key components in auxin-regulated stomatal development. Light signaling affects this regulatory process by the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 acting upstream of MAPK protein kinases.