广西农村小学一年级儿童口腔健康促进效果分析

Preliminary analysis of oral health promotion program among school-aged children in rural areas of Guangxi

目的了解口腔健康促进活动对促进学龄儿童掌握口腔健康知识的效果,为建立良好口腔卫生行为和饮食习惯提供依据。方法抽取广西15所农村小学一年级学生745名作为调查对象,对其进行为期1年的口腔健康干预,以问卷调查方式评价其促进效果。结果口腔健康知识方面,刷牙时间、每天刷牙次数、含氟牙膏可预防龋齿、刷牙出血说明牙龈不健康、白开水最适合解渴、常吃甜食对牙齿有害等知晓率活动前分别为35.70%,37.99%,28.86%,54.50%,76.24%,78.39%,活动后分别提高6.98,23.35,27.38,12.88,13.56,10.07百分点(χ2值分别为7.62,81.28,114.26,25.98,48.57,36.25,P值均<0.01)。口腔卫生行为方面,早晚刷牙、每天刷牙2~3 min、使用含氟牙膏等形成率活动前分别为25.91%,44.43%,23.62%,活动后分别提高了12.61,12.89,14.90百分点(χ2值分别为25.16,24.75,30.61,P值均<0.01)。饮食习惯方面,每天进食可乐或雪碧≥1次、每天进食饼干或蛋糕面包等甜点心≥1次、每天进食糖果或巧克力≥1次等形成率活动前分别为81.34%,77.18%,83.22%,活动后分别降低了4.29,9.26,12.08百分点,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为4.17,16.05,30.87,P值均<0.05)。结论口腔健康促进活动使学生的口腔健康知识明显提高,口腔卫生行为和饮食习惯明显改善。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of oral health promotion program in oral health-related knowledge, be haviors and eating habits in school-aged children in rural areas of Guangxi. Methods A total of 745 first-graders in 15 selected schools chosed in rural areas of Guangxi. Questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after oral health promotion program for one year to evaluate the effectiveness of oral health intervention. Results Awareness of oral heath knowledge was all statistically improved after oral health promotion program. Before the program, brushing duration, blushing times, fluoride preventing tooth de- cay, plain water is best for drinking, sugar being bad for teeth was respectively 35.70%, 37.99%, 28.86%, 54.50%, 76.24% and 78.39%, which was improved by 6.98%, 23.35%, 27.38%, 12.88%, 13.56% and 10.07%, respectively after intervention. As for oral health behavior, brushing teeth every morning and evening, brushing for 2 to 3 minutes, using fluoride toothpaste was respec- tively 25.91%, 44.43% and 23.62% before intervention and was improved by 12.61%, 12.89% and 14.90%, respectively, after intervention. Drinking cola or sprite, eating cookies or cakes or bread, eating sweets or chocolates more than once every day was respectively 81.34%, 77.18% and 83.22% before intervention and had decrease by 4.29%, 9.26% and 12.08%, respectively after intervention with statistically significant difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Oral health promotion program is effectively improving oral health-based knowledge and eating behaviors among rural low grade students in Guangxi.