广州市番禺区学生水痘患者家长居家隔离知识知晓情况

Home-based quarantine knowledge among parents of chicken pox students in Panyu District of Guangzhou

目的了解广州市番禺区学生水痘患者家长居家隔离知识知晓情况及其影响隔离执行的因素,为学校和卫生行政部门开展水痘疫情防控提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,以番禺区政府为中心随机抽取东南西北中5个区域的镇街所上报中国疾病预防控制信息系统的796例水痘患者为调查对象,自行设计调查表进行电话调查。结果796例3~16岁学生水痘患者中,82.04%的受访者为患者父母,95.35%的患者作居家隔离治疗。被访者对"水痘患者需要执行居家隔离"的知晓率为89.07%,对居家隔离执行天数15~21 d的知晓率为20.23%。托幼组、小学组和中学组被访者对需要凭康复证明回校的知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.184,P<0.05)。75.13%的受访者首要从医生获得水痘居家隔离知识。87.69%的受访者知晓居家隔离的作用是能有效预防水痘疾病的传播。52.64%的患者在隔离期间曾外出,其中79.71%是因为复诊,以学业的需要外出在各学段间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论广州市番禺区学生水痘患者居家隔离效果较好。应重视首诊医生对水痘患者居家隔离的首次宣教,强化疾病防控、学校卫生监督和基层医疗机构对水痘居家隔离的宣传和监督。

Objective To analyze the awareness of home-based quarantine knowledge among parents of chicken pox students in Panyu District of Guangzhou, and to provide evidence for chicken pox prevention and control. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method, 2 407 patients with chicken pox reported to the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System from Panyu District were selected. Telephone interviews were carried out. Results In general, 796 cases aged 3-16 years old were isolated at home with varicella acquisition. Respondent rate among parents of patients was 82.04%. About 95.35% of the patients received home quarantine treatment; Awareness rate on ＂patients with chicken pox should receive home quarantine＂ was 89.07%, and the percentage of parents who knew the home quarantine should be between 15 and 21 days was 20.23%. There were significant differences among parents of children in nursery and kindergarten group, primary and middle school regarding the aware- ness of rehabilitation certificates for school return （P〈0.05） ; 75.13% of the respondents primarily received home-based quarantine knowledge from doctors; 87.69% of the respondents knew that home-based quarantine could effectively prevent the spread of varieella disease; 52.64% of the patients reported having been outside during the isolation, among them 79.71% for further consultation. There were significant differences in proportion of patients who have been outside for academic reasons in different school stages（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Home isolation is well administered among students with chicken pox in Panyu District, Guangzhou. First visiting doctor of varicella patients may play an important role in parent＇ s education. Disease control and prevention, as well as school health supervision and general medical institutions should work together to publicize home quarantine to reduce the incidence and transmission of chicken pox.