试论出土秦式短剑

A Study on Unearthed Qin's Dagger

秦式短剑概念提出已近二十年,其间出土短剑数量猛增,对其型式和年代有必要做一些调整。从秦式短剑出土数量多、兽面纹格形制高度统一、演变同步有序等方面可以认为它是秦人特有的一种文化因素。本文还根据出土新资料,从技术传统和纹饰风格两方面探讨秦式短剑的渊源当追溯至西周中原地区的兽纹柄剑,不应牵强附会北方草原风格物件。通过资料的梳理,可以认为冀北花格剑及中原各诸侯国花格剑也是西周兽纹柄剑的延续和发展。同时一些实物线索也显示,西周前期的柳叶形短剑、人面纹短剑,后期的兽纹柄短剑,以至东周大量流行的兽面格短剑(秦式剑和花格剑),它们的发展演变是传承有序的。

Since the definition of the Qin＇s dagger was given about twenty years ago, plenty of daggers have been excavated, so it＇s necessary for us to make several adjustments on the types and ages of the unearthed daggers. Judging from the large quantity, the similar animal-face decoration and the sequential evolution, the dagger is a unique symbol of Qin＇s cultural factor. According to the technological tradition and decorative style of the newly unearthed materials, the paper believes that Qin＇s Daggers should derive from the dagger with animal-pattern grip of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Central Plains rather than the object in the style of northern prairie. In addition, by the sorting of the data, it＇s considered that the dagger with animal design in north Hebei and Central Plains are also developed from the dagger with animal- pattern grip of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Meanwhile, through the real objects such as the willow leaf shaped dagger and the dagger with human-mask motif of early Western Zhou, the dagger with animal-pattern grip of late Western Zhou as well as the popular dagger with animal-face guard of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it＇s dear that the evolution of the daggers is successive.