新中国“开国政府”印章制度

The Seal System of “the Founding Government” in New China

自1949年中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立,至1954年新的中央人民政府—国务院成立,中央人民政府在历史转折时期承担着特殊使命,被称为"开国政府"。新中国成立后,迅速建立、健全和完善各级人民政府。印章是权力的象征,是各级政府颁发法令、命令、对外行文钤公文和行使权力时使用的凭证信物。为筹建新中国,1949年6月新政治协商会议筹备会开始为新中国"开国政府"筹划制定印章制度。1950年2月政务院会议通过《印信条例》。新中国政府印章制度包括:铸造制度,涉及印型、制法、质料、印文、背款等;政府印信铸发范围,从中央到地方大行政区、省、行署区、市级政府及其所属机构、中国驻外机构等,都按规定统一铸发印信;政府印信下发和上缴;政府印信的制发镌铸等。新中国"开国政府"印信铸发范围广、时间长、数量众多,情况复杂。

The central people＇s government was known as ＂the founding government＂ for bearing a special mission in the historical transition times since the establishment of People＇s Republic of China in 1949 until the founding of the new central people＇s government that is the State Council in 1954. At the very beginning of People＇s Republic of China, people＇s governments at all levels were established, improved and refined promptly. As the symbol of power, seals are the certification of the execution of power when the governments at all levels issue a decree, deliver a missive or stamp an official document. To prepare to build new China, the preparatory committee of the new Political Consultative Conference planned to work out the seal system for ＂the founding government＂ in June 1949. In February 1950, Official Seal Regulations was passed in the meeting of Government Administration Council. The official seal system of new China includes several aspects. First, the casting system refers to the seal shape, technology, material, impression, back colophon and so on. Second, the allocation scope of the official seals includes the governments at all levels from central government, local greater administrative area, province and administrative division to municipal government including their subsidiary organizations and Chinese overseas institutions. Third, the official seals should be given subordinates and handed in. In addition to those, the making, allocation, engraving and casting of the official seals as well as some other things are also prescribed. In a word, the seals of ＂the founding government＂ in new China were casted and allocated in a wide range, a long period, a large number and a complicated situation.