基于电纺技术的纸质文物保护初探

Preliminary study on conservation of paper relics through electrospinning

针对纸质文物传统保护方法的不足,本研究利用电纺技术构筑网状多孔纳米纤维薄膜的独特优势,对具有优异的物理化学性能的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)开展电纺实验研究。在获得较佳纺丝参数后,对宣纸、报纸、胶版纸和古书纸4种代表性纸张进行纤维膜沉积封护,并对有无纤维膜封护处理的纸张进行了疏水角、抗酸碱及防污测试,同时也对纤维膜的孔隙大小进行了测量。实验结果表明,PVDF纳米纤维膜的封护处理,不仅能大幅度提高纸张的防水性能、耐酸碱性能和抗污染物能力,而且还可以使纸张保持良好的透气性。可以预见,在不久的将来,电纺技术将有望被广泛应用于纸质文物保护。

The electrospinning technology was utilized to construct porous nanofibrous membranes with unique advantages,which cannot be realized by traditional ways.Poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF）with excellent physical-chemical properties was selected.By determining the optimal values for electrospinning parameters,PVDF fibers were directly deposited on rice papers,newspaper,offset papers and ancient papers,and the water contact angle,resistance and antifouling behavior were examined on the above papers with/without the membrane protection,and the size of the mesh in the membranes was also measured.The results showed that the papers with sealing protection of PVDF membranes displayed great improvement in resistance to water,acid and base liquids,and fouls,and good air permeability was allowed in the membrane sealed papers.Thus,this spinning technique was hopefully to be widely utilized in the conservation of paper relics in the near future.