上海大金山岛不同植被类型下土壤动物群落多样性

Soil fauna community in different natural vegetation types of Dajinshan Island, Shanghai

大金山岛属上海市金山三岛海洋生态保护区,岛上土壤未受到人为活动的污染。为了解不同自然植被类型下土壤动物群落结构组成及其生态分布,于2015年秋季在大金山岛竹林、乔木林和灌木林的南、北坡中分别进行土壤动物采样。结果显示:6个样地共捕获土壤动物12,769只,隶属于28个类群,优势类群为蜱螨亚纲和弹尾纲,分别占总捕获量的70.15%和19.27%;常见类群有原尾纲、半翅目、膜翅目和线蚓科,占总捕获量的7.06%。北坡和南坡优势类群均为蜱螨亚纲(74.26%、65.32%)和弹尾纲(16.52%、22.49%),但常见类群和稀有类群存在一定差异。不同植被类型土壤动物的群落结构组成存在一定差异,但无论是北坡还是南坡密度均为灌木林>乔木林>竹林,类群数变化为灌木林>竹林>乔木林。无论北坡还是南坡,不同植被类型下土壤动物群落生态指数各不相同,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数均为灌木林>乔木林>竹林。大金山岛灌木林中土壤动物群落多样性高于乔木林和竹林,很可能与灌木林中较为适宜的微环境有关。

Dajinshan Island is part of Jinshan Three-Islands Marine Natural Reserve. Soil on the island has not been polluted by human activities and it is therefore an ideal place to study island ecosystem diversity. To understand the composition and ecological distribution of soil fauna communities in different natural forest vegetation types on Dajinshan Island, the soil fauna communities in three natural forests including bam- boo forest, arboreal forest, and shrubbery were investigated during autumn 2015. Each forest included both north slope and south slope regions. A total of 12,769 individuals of soil fauna belonging to 28 groups were collected. The dominant groups were Acari and Collembola, accounting for 70.15% and 19.27%, respective- ly. The common groups were Protura, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Enchytraediae, and they accounted for 7.06% of the total in terms of individual numbers. The dominant groups were Acari （74.26%, 65.32%） and Collembola （16.52%, 22.49%） in both north slope and south slope regions, but differed in common groups and rare groups. The soil fauna communities were different in the three natural forests. In both north and south slope region, the density of soil fauna followed the order of： shrubbery 〉 arboreal forest 〉 bamboo for- est, but the number of groups of soil fauna followed the order of： shrubbery 〉 bamboo forest 〉 arboreal for- est. Different ecological indexes of soil fauna communities in the three natural forests were different. Shan- non-Wiener index, Pielou index, and Simpson index followed the following order： shrubbery 〉 arboreal for- est 〉 bamboo forest in both north and south slope regions. The Shannon-Wiener index was significantly dif- ferent in the three natural forests. The higher soil fauna diversity in shrubbery was probably induced by the favorable microenvironment.