试说“N来了”与“来N了”句式

On the Analysis of the Two Types of Sentences with the Verb “Lai” as Their Predicates in Chinese

本文重点考察"N来了"与"来N了"句式。研究发现:不是所有的"N"在"N来了"中都表有定、在"来N了"中都表不定,N的有定与不定解读受制于其自身的语义特征等因素。文章还从信息结构与句法结构方面分析"N来了"和"来N了"的内在不同。"来"的虚化使"N来了"和"来N了"不仅表示物理位移,而且也表认知位移。此外,"N来了"和"来N了"对N的选择存在一个对称与否的问题,这是由句式结构及"来"的论元特征等决定的。

In the study of Chinese grammar, the scholars often list two classic examples of＂keren lai le （The guest has come）＂and ＂lai keren le （We＇ve had a guest）＂ to show that the subjects of Chinese sentences tend to be definite, and the objects to be indefinite. This paper focuses on the comparative study of these two sentence types. The results show that： First, the sentence types ＂N lai le＂ and ＂lai N le＂ is significantly different from the perspective of information structure and syntactic structure; second, whether or not the ＂N＂ in both ＂N lai le＂ and ＂lai N le＂ is definite or indefinite is determined by the semantic features of the Nouns. Third, both ＂N lai le＂ and ＂lai N le＂ are used to express not only the physical displacement, but also the cognitive displacement, which is due to the result of semantic bleach of the verb ＂lar＇; Fourth, there is a symmetrical and asymmetric distribution of＂N＂ in these two sentences, which is the result of the structure of the sentences and the arguments of the verb ＂lai＂.