句子类型、情状类型、语篇进展与汉语中介语体标记的使用

Sentence Structure,Situation Type,Discourse Progress and the Use of Aspect Markers in L2 Chinese

本文以"汉语水平考试作文语料库"中母语为日语学生的作文为语料,分析句型、动词情状类型和语篇进展等因素对中介语中"了"、"着"、"过"、"在"等体标记使用的影响。结果显示:习得者对某些句型和句子结构对体标记使用的制约掌握较差,出现多用或者少用体标记的错误;由于汉语的特殊性,习得者体标记使用不足的现象不严重,但存在多用的现象;习得者在前景句中存在少用"了"的现象,而在背景句中存在多用"了"和少用"着"的现象。本研究对体标记二语习得理论的发展和体标记的教学有一定的意义。

This paper reports our comprehensive study on the impact of situation types, sentence structures and discourse progress on the use of Chinese aspect markers ＂le＂, ＂zhe＂, ＂guo＂and ＂zai＂ in essays produced by L2 Chinese learners for HSK examinations. Our major findings are： the perfective marker ＂le＂ is used mainly for telic situations and the imperfect marker ＂zhe＂ mainly for atelic situations, as predicted by the ＂Aspect Hypothesis＂. However, the special properties of Chinese determine that the problem of underusing aspect markers is not serious. On the contrary, there are errors of overusing aspect markers; the complicated constrains imposed by sentence structures on the use of aspect markers are difficult for L2 learners, causing both overuse and underuse errors; learners may underuse ＂le＂ in foreground sentences but overuse ＂le＂ in background sentences. They may also underuse ＂zhe＂ in background sentences. These findings have both theoretical and pedagogical implications.