汉魏时期家训伦理思想及其对家庭教育的启示

Ethical Thoughts of Family Instructions of the Han-Wei Period and their Implications for Family Education

家训是家庭教育之精华与经典。汉魏时期是我国古代家训的奠基期,其间之伦理思想呈现出"西汉雏形、东汉成型、三国创新"之衍生轨迹。其主要论域为"修身、治家、处世、为政"等四个方面,"仁、义、礼"为汉魏家训强调修身之主要内容,治家伦理则强调了"慈、爱、孝、顺",在处世方面,要做到"谨、慎、谦、让、诚、信",为政则要恪守"明、贤、清、廉"的伦理准则。其伦理思想的核心价值追求为"和"。研究汉魏家训伦理思想能为当代家庭教育"教导哪些内容,用怎样的方式来教导,教导之际应注意哪些问题"等提供有益启示。

Family instruction refers to the essence and classics of family education. Han-Wei period is the founding period of ancient family instruction. During this period, ethical thoughts took on a growing trajectory of Western Han embryo, Eastern Han forming, and Three Kingdoms Innovation. The main concern consisted of four aspects, including self-discipline, family management, philosophy of life and political ethics. Major elements of self-discipline were benevolence, righteousness and manners. Main emphasis was put on kindness, affection, filial piety, and obedience in terms of family management. The main concerns of philosophy of life were sincerity, carefulness, modesty, courtesy, honesty, and integrity. The ethical principles of clearness, virtuousness, pureness, and honesty should be kept concerning political ethics. Its core value pursuit is harmony. Ethical thoughts of family instructions of the Han-Wei period can provide beneficial implications for contemporary family education, such as what to teach, how to teach and what to concern while teaching.