劳动力成本、投资效率与工业经济发展方式转变

Labor Cost,Investment Efficiency and the Change of China's Industrial Economic Growth Pattern

本文采用基于非参数DEA-Mal mqui st指数方法,估算了中国2001-2014年各工业行业的全要素生产率。并以全要素生产率对经济增长的贡献率作为经济增长方式的衡量指标,分析了劳动力成本和投资效率影响经济增长方式的内在机理。在此基础上,利用33个工业行业的面板数据,从总体和行业分组两个层面,分别考察了劳动力成本和投资效率对中国工业经济增长方式的影响。结果表明:第一,从总体上看,劳动力成本的上升和投资效率的提高可以促进中国工业经济增长方式的转变;第二,从行业分组来看,劳动力成本对资源和劳动密集型行业经济增长方式转变的影响最大,投资效率对技术密集型行业和资本密集型行业经济增长方式转变的影响最大。转变中国工业经济发展方式,应该注重劳动者质量的提高和人力资本的积累,在保持投资规模适度的情况下,提高投资效率。

This paper estimates total factor productivity of China＇ s industrial sectors from 2001-2013, based on non- parameter DEA-Malmquist index methods, Taking the contribution of total factor productivity as the index of the eco- nomic growth pattern, analyzes the internal mechanism of labor cost and investment efficiency influencing economic growth pattern. At the same time, using China＇ s panel data of 33 industrial sub-sectors, from two aspects- the whole and the grouping of the industrial line, we study the influence of labor cost and investment efficiency on the China＇ s industrial economic growth pattern, and the results confmn that, firstly, in general, the rising of labor cost and the im- proving of investment efficiency can promote the change of China＇ s industrial economic growth pattern. Secondly, from the viewpoint of the grouping of the industrial line, labor cost has greater impact on the change of resources-in- tensive industrial line economic growth pattern, investment efficiency has greater impact on the change of technology intensive and capital intensive industrial line economic growth pattern. To change China＇ s industrial economic growth pattern, China should pay attention to improve the quality of workers and the accumulation of human capital, under the circumstance of maintain a modest investment scale, the improving of investment efficiency.