退休制度的约束效应及路径优化

The Restriction Effect of Retirement Institutions and Path Perfection

个人退休行为是多种决策因素在退休制度约束下的复杂过程。本文通过对CHARLS微观调研数据相关样本的实证分析显示,在我国,各类个人退休决策因素对劳动者退休行为的影响程度及走向深受退休制度的内在约束。剖析我国退休制度设计思路及演变历程的特性,作者发现控制型的传统退休制度在一定程度上限制了个人因素对退休行为的影响,限制了个性化退休需求的实现。渐进延迟退休政策的推进过程中需要首先遏制提前退休以提高劳动者的实际退休年龄,更需要打破传统思维,构建更加灵活的退休配套机制,通过优化退休制度引导劳动者的退休行为,以更好适应不同职业群体的退休偏好。

Chinese government is now planning to postpone the pensionable age gradually in the background of demo- graphic ageing. The retirement behavior of individuals is affected by different factors that are restricted by retirement institutions. This article analyzes the impact of different factors on the retirement behaviors among the elderly urban workers in China, using the CHARLS micro investigation. According to the result of binary logistic model, the factors of retirement behavior are special in China. The retirement institutions in China have a very strong control on retire- ment behavior. Different factors are embedded in the framework of retirement institutions. Government should build up a series of supportive institutions to build a more flexible retirement institution to fulfill different needs of Chinese workers and restrict the early retirement.