基于盐逆境下植物CLC同源基因的发掘和功能解析的研究进展

Research progresses on whole genome discovery and function analysis of CLC homologous genes in plants based on salt stress

植物盐害的阴离子毒害主要由Cl^-造成,盐逆境下植物体内Cl^-吸收、运输及其调控的分子机制已成为植物耐盐性研究不可忽视的重要方面,但有关Cl^-毒害问题相对Na^+毒害和适应的研究在过去较少受到关注。Cl^-通道(chloride channels,CLCs)是一类广泛分布于原核和真核生物细胞膜(主要是内膜系统),以介导Cl^-为代表的阴离子运输的重要转运蛋白家族。本文对目前已报道的包括拟南芥、大豆、水稻等多种植物的CLC同源基因及其编码蛋白进行了系统的生物信息学分析,并对植物CLC同源基因参与耐氯(盐)功能解析方面的研究进展进行了归纳,为今后进一步发掘和利用植物耐氯(盐)基因,全面揭示植物耐盐性的分子机制和最终寻求提高大豆、水稻等作物耐氯(盐)性的分子育种途径,指明可借鉴的研究方向。

The anionic poison of plant salt injury is mainly caused by Cl^-,thus Cl^-absorption,transport and its molecular regulation mechanisms in plants under salt stress has become one of the most important and nonnegligible aspects of the study on plant salt tolerance.However,Cl^-toxicity has been yet paid less attention to in the past by most researchers as compared to Na^＋ injury and adaptation.Chloride channels（CLCs） is a kind of anion transport protein family,which is widely distributed in the cell membrane systems （mainly the endomembranes） of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms,and mediates the anionic ions （Cl^-,as the representative）transport.In this review,the bioinformatics analysis was conducted on the reported CLC homologous genes and their encoded proteins in plants including Arabidopsis,soybean,rice and others.In addition,the function analytical researches on the CLC homologous genes involved in plant chloride（salt） tolerance were summarized.We hope this paper could indicate the valuable and referential research orientation for further exploration and utilization of plant chloride（salt） tolerance genes,fully revealing the molecular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance,and finally seeking the molecular breeding pathways to improve the chloride（salt） tolerance of soybean,rice and other crops in future.