电动车用低压无刷直流电机控制系统设计

Control System Design of Low-voltage Brushless DC Motor on Electromobile

无刷直流电机有起动转矩大、响应速度快等优点,同时避免了传统直流电机换向器带来的不利影响,因此在电动车领域有着广泛的应用。无刷直流电机的正常工作离不开控制器的控制,本文设计了有位置传感器的无刷直流电机的双闭环PI调速系统。本文首先建立了无刷直流电机的数学模型,给出了动态结构图,并进行了参数整定。随后针对双闭环控制策略,用Simulink软件进行了仿真,并分析了仿真结果。本文还给出了控制系统的硬件设计方案,包括MOSFET驱动电路、供电电路、信号采集电路、逻辑转换电路等,并针对STC12C5404AD单片机进行了软件设计。硬件实验结果与理论分析和软件仿真一致。本文提出的无刷直流电机控制器经济实用,可以作为绝大多数低压电动车的电机控制器。

Brushless DC motor （BLDCM） has advantages such as high starting torque and high response speed. It also avoid disadvantages of ordinary DC motor which are caused by the commutator. Because of that, BLDCM has wild application in the field of electromobile. Motors can not work without drivers, so this paper designed double loop PI control system for BLDCM with position sensors. This paper built mathematical model of BLDCM, showed dynamic structure of it, and performed parameter tuning. Then the author showed the simulation and analyzed the result. This paper also presented hardware design of the control system, which included MOSFET driving circuit, power supply circuit, signal acquisition circuit and logic conversion circuit. This paper also designed the program based on STC12C5404AD MCU. Experiment result is consistent with simulation and theoretical analysis. Brushless DC motor driver presented in this paper is economical and practical, and it can be applied at most low-voltage electromobile as motor driver.