内质网应激与肾脏疾病

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Kidney Diseases

内质网是维持细胞蛋白稳态的重要细胞器,通过未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response,UPR)来调节细胞蛋白合成、折叠和降解。UPR维持内质网功能和稳态,多种病理生理因素如缺血缺氧、毒物、高血糖、脂质代谢紊乱都能诱发肾脏细胞内质网应激反应。发生内质网应激时,UPR相关3种不同细胞信号途径激活,一方面增加分子伴侣合成,协助蛋白分泌,另一方面减少靶蛋白合成,减轻内质网负荷;同时诱导细胞凋亡或自噬。多种肾脏疾病与UPR或内质网应激反应不足或过度有关,利用适当药物调节内质网应激可能有利于治疗或缓解某些肾脏疾病。

The endoplasmic reticulum（ER）,a main organelle,which regulates protein synthesis,folding and degradation via the unfolded protein response（UPR）pathway.The adaptive UPR pathway predominantly maintains the ER function or ER proteostasi through three intracellular signaling pathways.Long-term or severe ER stress induces the apoptotic UPR pathway to eliminate dysfunctional cells.Dysregulation of the UPR pathway often occurs in glomerular or tubulointerstitial cells under a pathogenic microenvironment,such as ischemia,hypoxia,toxin,glucose,and abnormal lipid levels.A defective UPR is highly deleterious to renal cell function and is thereby implicated in the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases.Restoration of normal proteostasis holds promise in protecting the kidney from pathogenic injuries.