基于故障树分析法的高速铁路钢轨断裂机理分析

Rail Breakage Mechanism Analysis of High Speed Railway Based on Fault Tree

依据国际铁路联盟和我国铁路标准中对钢轨伤损的分类,采用静态故障树的分析方法对高速铁路钢轨断裂的类型和原因进行总结和归纳。求出所有最小割集,底事件的重要度排序,据此得出:未及时更换钢轨和检测养护维修不及时为导致断轨的最主要原因;钢轨标记应力集中和轮轨接触应力过大为主要原因;钢轨强度偏低,曲线钢轨未润滑和未调边为重要原因。通过改进现有的钢轨检测、监测手段,提高铁路工人的业务素质,及时对钢轨进行养护维修,预防应力集中和接触应力过大,选取强度适宜的钢轨,对钢轨及时润滑和调边可在一定程度上减少断轨事故的发生。

According to the rail defects classification based on UIC Code and GB railway standards, types and causes of rail breakage are summarized through Static Fault Tree Analysis and the minimum cut sets and the relative importance of bottom events are determined. The results show that non-timely replacement of rail and inspection maintenance are the most primary causes of rail breakage; stress concentration and big contact stress are the main causes; low rail strength, non-timely lubrication and adjustment of edges are also major contributors. By improving testing and monitoring methods and workers＇ efficiency, repairing the rail timely, preventing stress concentration and big contact stress, selecting suitable rails, lubricating rails and adjusting edges in a timely manner, rail accidents could be reduced.