“时代之眼”对美学研究的启示——兼论艺术研究如何走出纯粹美学话语

Enlightenment of Period Eye to Aesthetic Research——How Artistic Research Go beyond the Pure Aesthetic Discourse

英国艺术史家、艺术批评家巴克森德尔提出了"时代之眼"的概念。对于美学研究而言,"时代之眼"作为一种视觉分析模式,启发了将艺术研究从纯粹美学研究转向考察艺术在具体社会的历史生成,具体体现在三个方面。一是"时代之眼"主张从具体的历史语境看艺术,艺术不止是纯粹静观的对象,而是从属于工匠的一门手艺,与商业、经济、政治等关系密切;二是艺术经验和日常视觉经验具有根本的一致性,艺术研究者应该从各种历史记载中汲取资源,而不是将艺术局限于审美的单一维度;三是艺术话语本身也具有历史的开放性,对艺术活动的考察不能仅限于当前所认定的艺术评论,而是勾连艺术范畴在其它学科内的具体语用和内涵。

The well -known English art historian and critics Michael Baxandall proposed an important con- cept ＂the period eye＂, which has deeply influenced such fields as art history, anthropology, sociology and the sociology of art. In terms of artistic research, the period eye as a visual analysis structure, suggests an artistic turn from the pure aesthetic study to historical formation of art at given society. This new approach involves the following three aspects： the period eye insists on considering art in specific historical context, an art work is not merely the object of contemplation, but also a branch of crafts and closely related to commercial, economic and political activities; secondly, there is no essential difference between artistic experience and practical visual ex- perience, artistic researcher would draw resources from kinds historical documents rather than limiting to aesthetics; thirdly, artistic discourse is also changing in times, which means exploring art activities out of those established artistic criticism, and links the pragmatics or implication of art categories to other disciplines.