梅尼埃病的听功能研究进展

Advances in auditory function research of Meniere disease

梅尼埃病是一种进展的、有潜在听力致残性的内耳疾病，因早期缺乏典型的表现常给诊断带来困难。部分患者的耳蜗症状常先于眩晕出现，国内外梅尼埃病诊疗指南中也均对感音神经性听力下降和纯音听阈进行了界定，因此，关注患者耳蜗症状及功能变化或许能够为早期诊断梅尼埃病提供线索。本文对临床常用的纯音测听和耳声发射在梅尼埃病中的表现特点进行了分析，对听性脑干反应、耳蜗电图、多频声导抗等电生理学检查以及相关研究进展进行了文献学习和分析，以期加强识别梅尼埃病听功能异常的敏感性，为梅尼埃病的早期诊断提供帮助。

Meniere disease is a unique, progressive disease of the inner ear. The complex manifestation presents diagnostic challenges. It is difficult to diagnose due to the absence of typical presentations especially in the early stages. The cochlear symptoms often present prior to vertigo and tend to be ignored. Therefore, focusing on the cochlear symptoms and functions may provide information for early diagnosis and may protect the patients from acquiring a hearing disability. This review focused on the pure-tone audiometry, glycerin test, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem response, electrocochleogram, multifrequency tympanometry, and speech audiometry, which hopefully could emphasize the importance of the symptomatic and functional findings of cochlear, and be helpful in diagnosis for Meniere disease.