何以“扶友损敌”不是正义——苏格拉底与珀勒马科斯对话疏释

Why Isn't “Helping Friends and Harming Enemies” Justice:An Interpretation of the Dialogue between Socrates and Polemarchus

在《理想国》中,苏格拉底雄辩地证明,"扶友损敌"所定义的正义,是支离的正义,而不是整全的正义,"扶友损敌"也没有揭示出是什么样的更为高级的关切定义并成就了正义。根据柏拉图的哲学体系,这个更为高级的关切应当是善。苏格拉底经过一个曲折的论辩过程驳倒了珀勒马科斯"正义就是扶友损敌"的观点,同时,也确立了正义的古典秉性,即善较正义的优先性。直到今日,试图将现代世界从相对主义和虚无主义的泥淖中打捞出来的人,仍要重新接续这一思想薪火。

In the Republic,Socrates eloquently proves that the justice defined by ＂helping friends and harming enemies＂is divisive but not holistic justice. ＂Helping friends and harming enemies＂does not reveal what kind of more advanced concerns to confirm and achieve justice. According to Plato＇s philosophical system,this high level concern should be ＂goodness＂. Socrates,after a tortuous process of argument,refuted the view that ＂justice is helping friends and harming enemies ＂, while also establishing the classical metaphysics of justice,that is,＂goodness＂taking precedence over the justice. Until now,those who try to salvage the modern world from the quagmire of relativism and nihilism still need to carry on Socrates＇ notion.