近十年新疆学前双语教育基本公共服务体制改革与政策演进

Reform of the Basic Public Service System and Evolution of Corresponding Policies on Xinjiang's Preschool Bilingual Education in the Past Decade

由于新疆学前双语教育对新疆各族学前儿童终身可持续发展、对新疆基础教育质量与各民族人口素质整体提升以及对新疆经济社会发展与国家长治久安具有重要的奠基性、先导性和全局性价值,因此近年已提升至国家战略,并纳入我国学前教育基本公共服务建设体系。文章分析了近十年与新疆学前双语教育基本公共服务体制改革相关的政策,发现呈现如下演进趋势:其一,新疆学前教育基本公共服务以满足少数民族"学前双语教育"需求为核心,以"农村学前双语教育"为公共财政投入重点;其二,以"政府主导、财政保障"为主要供给路径,"中央与自治区各级政府分级分担"的纵向体制逐步建立与完善,即从2005年"以省为主、专项扶持"逐步演进至2008年"中央保障、省级配套、地县分担";其三,"政府主导、社会参与"的横向体制初现端倪,逐步从"政府鼓励、政策引导"发展为"财政支持、奖补激励"。

Due to the fact that the preschool bilingual education in Xinjiang is of much importance for ethnic preschool children＇ s sustainable development, the improvement of Xinjiang＇ s basic education and population quality, the development of its economy and society, and for national security, it has aroused increasing attention and been accepted as a national strategy. Now preschool bilingual education has been included into China＇ s Basic Public Service （BPS） system of preschool education. This article analyses the policies in the past decade related to Xinjiang＇ s reform of the BPS system for preschool bilingual education. The characteristics of the reform and policy evolution include： 1） to meet the demands of ethnic people＇ s preschool bilingual education has always been the focus of Xinjiang ＇ s BPS system and the public financial investments mainly go to the rural areas; 2） A vertical financial support system--sharing of investments among the central government and the local governments of different levels--has been established and in constant improvement. To be clearer, there has been a change of policy from ＂exclusive financial support chiefly provided by the provincial government＂ in 2005 to ＂financial support mainly ensured by the central government, partly supported by the provincial government, and partly shared by the local governments＂ in 2008. 3） The system of participation of the whole society under the guide of the government is taking shape, i.e., there is a change of policy from ＂encouragement of government by making favourable policies＂ to ＂encouragement of government by providing financial support through rewards and subsidies＂.