“战略防御计划”的提出与里根政府朝野的反应

The Strategic Defense Initiative and the Reagan Administration and the Response of Congress

20世纪80年代初,面对美苏核均势下前苏联咄咄逼人的对外扩张形势,美国里根政府决定重整军备,提出战略力量现代化计划,发展和部署导弹防御系统,彻底消除前苏联的核威胁。除了里根个人对导弹防御的兴趣和信念,其白宫幕僚和以特勒、本德森为代表的政府外游说集团的支持与建议,也为里根推出"战略防御计划"发挥了重要推动作用。"战略防御计划"的提出标志着美国核战略思想由"相互确保摧毁"转向"相互确保安全"的重大转变。虽然它引发了美国朝野的争论,但依然开启了美国导弹防御系统建设的进程。

In the 1980s, the Reagan Administration set out to develop an ICBM defense system to cope with the Soviet Union＇s global expansion and nuclear threat, by taking advantage of the US-Soviet nuclear balance. Besides President Reagan＇s personal belief, some scientists and other lobbyists, such as Teller and Bendesten, also played an important role in President Reagan＇s declaration of the ＂Strategic Defense Initiative＂. The SDI marked the transition of the US nuclear doctrine from mutual deterrence to strategic defense for unilateral security, which laid the foundation for the development of the American BMD system in the 21st century.