自然通风对教室CO_2浓度的影响模拟研究

Natural Ventilation Effect on Classroom Simulation of CO_2 Concentration

分析了重庆市典型气象年风速数据,建立了某高校典型教室室内CO_2扩散的数学模型,采用数值模拟方法分析不同室外风速、不同开窗位置、不同开窗个数、不同教室平面布置时的教室室内CO2浓度变化情况。研究结果表明依据GB/T 18883-2002《室内空气质量标准》,重庆市自然通风能够满足要求的时间占教室全年使用时间的53%。教室自然通风效果受到室外风速、开窗位置、开窗个数、教室平面布置的影响,单一改变某一变量虽然也能够改善室内空气品质,但效率较低。建筑设计阶段应重视建筑平面布局,优化教室气流组织;教室使用阶段应开启正对人员聚集区的窗户,使新风直接进入人员呼吸区,提高通风的有效性。

This paper analyzes the typical meteorological year wind speed data in Chongqing, and establishes the mathematical model of a typical university classroom indoor CO2 diffusion. With the help of numerical simulation methods, the indoor CO2 concentration changes in different outdoor wind speed, window location, different window number and the classroom layout was analyzed. The results show that according to GB/T 18883-2002 ＂Standard of Indoor Air Quality＂, natural ventilation can meet the requirements of time accounted for 53% of classroom time throughout the year in Chongqing. The classroom effect of natural ventilation was influenced by outdoor wind speed, window location, different window number and classroom layout. While it also can improve indoor air quality by changing a single variable but low efficiency. Architectural design phase should pay attention to the building layout, which will optimize the classroom air distribution; classroom use phase should open the windows approach to the occupied area, so that fresh air can directly into the breathing zone, and improve the effectiveness of ventilation.