长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法——第三次矿业科学技术变革

Theory of longwall mining by using roof cuting shortwall team and 110 method——the third mining science and technology reform

伴随着世界范围内第三次科学技术革命,我国在矿业科学领域的长壁开采科学技术发生了第三次技术变革。前两次科学技术变革分别以钱鸣高院士"砌体梁理论"和宋振骐院士"传递岩梁理论"为代表,提出的长壁开采121工法为我国煤炭开采作出巨大贡献。本世纪初,随着开采深度的增加,通过留设煤柱形成的沿空顺槽巷道事故多发,传统长壁开采方法作为目前我国长壁开采应用最广泛的开采体系受到挑战。2008年,作者进行现场调查和室内实验研究,提出"切顶短壁梁"理论,并基于此形成切顶卸压自动成巷无煤柱开采技术,通过顶板定向预裂切缝,切断部分顶板的矿山压力传递,同时加固支护回采巷道顶板,在采空区侧顶板岩层矿山压力作用下,顶板部分岩体切落,实现自动成巷和无煤柱开采,称之为长壁开采110工法,这一技术的成功应用标志着我国进入第三次矿业科学技术变革期,同时也为我国由矿业大国向矿业强国发展奠定了理论和技术基础。

As the third scientific and technological reform advances, the longwall mining technology in mine sciences regions is experiencing the third technical reform. The first scientific and technological reform is represented by voussoir beam theory of Qian Minggao Academician, and the second scientific and technological reform is represented by transferring rock beam structure of Songzhenqi Academician, and the proposed 121 method of longwall mining has made great contributions to the promotion of the coal production of our country. At the beginning of this century, with the increasing the mining depth, accidents of entry, which formed by the coal pillars along the goaf, occurred frequently. The authority of traditional longwall mining method, the widely- used mining system, has been questioned in recently. In 2008 ,the authors made field investigation and indoor test , and put forward the theory of roof cutting shortwall beam. Based on this theory, the authors put forward the technology of the no-pillar mining with gob-side entry formed by advanced roof caving by using roof cutting unloading. Through the roof oriented pre-cutting, the transfer of rock pressure for some roof is cut down, meanwhile, the supporting for roof of coal winning entry was strengthened. Affected by rock pressure of gob-side roof strata, some of roof rock is falling down, and ,the no-pillar mining with gob-side entry formed by advanced roof caving was achieved, all this can be summarized as 110 method of longwall mining. The successful application of 110 method is a milestone of our country entering into the period of third mine science innovation, and has laid theoretical and technical foundation for our country moving toward the mining giant.