美国体育“学科革命”对体育学知识体系构建的影响

Influence of the “Discipline Revolution” of American Physical Education on the Construction of the Knowledge System of Sport Science

"学科革命"肇始于对体育教师实用主义的批判,使体育逐渐从技术性学科向学术性学科转变,标志着美国体育学研究开始步入"后现代体育学"时代。对于"学术性学科"的体育学而言,需要解决三大问题:(1)体育学术性知识体系的边界;(2)体育学科中技术操作知识与职业知识的归属;(3)体育专业学生应当掌握的知识范畴。借鉴美国体育"学科革命"的思路及其经验,我国的体育学理论建设应从以下方面进行改善:转变我国"体育学"的研究视角;审视体育知识的边界问题;重视体育知识体系的构建。

＂Discipline Revolution＂ originates from the criticism on the pragmatism of sports teachers, transferring sports science gradually from a technical to an academic discipline, thus to indicate the entry into an era of ＂post - modern sport science＂. For sport science as an ＂academic discipline＂, it is urgent to solve the three major problems： ①the boundary of sport academic knowledge system; ② the attribution of technical operation knowledge and professional knowledge in sports field; ③ the categories of knowledge that the sports majors have to command. Drawing lessons from the thought and experience of the ＂discipline revolution＂ of American physical education, the construction of the ＂physical education＂ theory in our country should be improved from the following three aspects： to change the research angle of ＂sport science＂; to examine the boundary of sport knowledge; and to emphasize the construction of sport knowledge system.