集总式喀斯特水文模型构建及其应用

Lumped karst hydrological model and its application

针对大部分喀斯特流域属于无资料地区的现状,构建资料要求较低的集总式喀斯特水文模型(lumped karst hydrological model,LKHM)。LKHM以三水源新安江模型为基础,针对喀斯特流域二元三维的流域性质,在汇流计算层做了改进。将岩溶地貌概化为3类:溶沟、溶隙、管道,采用滞后演算法模拟溶沟对地表径流的调蓄作用,采用若干线性水库串联模拟不同大小口径的溶隙对地下径流的调蓄作用,将所有管道概化为一个大管道模拟地表径流与地下径流的交换;最后在贵州平湖流域进行模型检验和应用。结果表明:LKHM模拟精度较高,说明模型的结构、参数合理,具备一定的实用价值。

Based on the fact that most karst basins are ungauged basins, a lumped karst hydrological model called the LKHM, which requires fewer data than typical models, was established in this study. According to the two- element and three-dimensional properties of karst basins, the LKHM was established based on the three-water sources of the Xin＇ anjiang model and improved in its calculation of confluence. The karst landform was classified into three types through a generalizability study： grooves, fractures, and pipes. The lag-and-route method was used to simulate the storage effects of grooves on surface runoff. Several linear reservoirs in series were used to simulate the storage effects of fractures with different diameters on subsurface runoff. All pipes were generalized into one large pipe in order to simulate the exchange of surface water and subsurface runoff. The LKHM was applied to the Pinghu Basin in Guizhou Province. The resuhs show that the model has high accuracy, indicating that its parameters and structure are reasonable and the model is applicable.