矛盾与统一——鲍勒的达尔文进化思想评析

Contradiction or Unification:Review of the Non-Darwinian Revolution by Peter J.Bwler

20世纪80年代,鲍勒开辟了进化思想史研究的"非达尔文革命"领域,批判以达尔文为中心的进化思想史研究,强调非达尔文思想在进化思想史上的突出地位。然而,2008年,鲍勒又提出"如果没有达尔文,同时代人无法提出论证充分的自然选择理论"的历史假设。通过分析鲍勒的相关专著及文献,探讨其看似矛盾的观点背后的"反辉格式"的科学史观及"反事实历史"的研究方法,消解其结论表面上的前后矛盾,达到方法及思想层面的辩证统一。对鲍勒的达尔文进化思想的研究,可以进一步理解进化论的历史地位,同时,鲍勒的科学史观和历史研究方法对科学史的研究也具有启示意义。

In 1980s, Peter J. Bowler found the research field of ＂the non-Darwinian revolution＂ and criticized the history research for the evolution, which is centered on the Darwin thought. He emphasized the prominent position which the non-Darwin＇ s ideas occupy in the history of evolutionary thought. However, in 2008, Bowler proposed that ＂without Darwin, contemporary people are unable to demonstrate fully the theory of natural selection＂ by the method of counter-factual history. By analyzing the monographs and literature of Bowler, the paper explores ＂ anti-Whiggsh＂ views of science history and the research method of ＂ counter-factual history ＂ behind the seemingly contradictory ideas to eliminate his conclusions＇ inconsistent, and reach the dialectical unification of the method and thought. The study of Darwinian evolutionary ideas of Bowler, may deepen the understanding of the historical status of the evolution theory. Bowler＇ s scientific conception of history and historical research methods also have implications for studies of the history of science.