默顿与齐曼对科学社会学的贡献及其思想局限性

Merton and Ziman's Contribution to the Sociology of Science and Its Ideological Limitations

默顿与齐曼分别缔造的学院和后学院科学模型,以各自坚实的认识论和方法论基础,很好地反映了两个不同时代的科学特征。默顿与齐曼也因此都对科学社会学做出了巨大的贡献。但是,由于时代和自身学术立场的限制,默顿与齐曼的科学社会学思想又各自存在局限性。把两位大师的贡献和局限性放在一起,对之做出比较恰当的评价,不仅有助于人们了解两位大师的科学社会学思想,也会对后人的科学社会学研究产生启示。

The models of academic science and post-academic science respectively created by Merton and Ziman, with their solid epistemologieal and methodological basis, well reflect the scientific characteristics of the two different times. Therefore, Merton and Ziman have made great contribution to the sociology of science. However, due to the limitations of the times and their own academic standpoints, Merton and Ziman＇ s scientific sociological thoughts have their own limitations. So considering both the contributions and limitations of the two masters, and making proper evaluation, it can not only help people understand the two masters＇ thoughts of sociology of science, but also shed light on the future research of sociology of science.