任务类型对汉语二语口语产出中词汇复杂度的影响

Effect of Task Types on Lexical Complexity in L2 Chinese Speaking Performance

本研究在认知假说的理论基础上,考察汉语二语学习者在完成以输出文本类型要求和交际方式两个维度进行排列组合的八组任务时词汇复杂度的表现。词语复杂度从词汇多样性和词汇难度两个方面进行考察,其中词汇难度以词频序值和词汇等级两种标准进行测量。结果显示,不同文本类型和交际方式所输出的词汇在词汇多样性和词汇难度上都有显著差异。议论性任务输出的词汇最多,但难度最低;描述性任务输出的词汇最少,也最贫乏,但词汇难度最高;介绍性任务中用词最丰富。学习者在对话任务中所使用的词汇不仅比在独白任务中多,也更丰富,但词汇难度低于独白任务。不同复杂度的任务所输出的词汇在词汇多样性上存在显著差异,较复杂任务的词汇多样性低于较简单的任务;但任务的复杂度对词汇难度没有影响。

This study investigates the effect of task types manipulated in terms of text type and communicative mode on lexical complexity in L2 Chinese speech. Twenty learners participated in the experiment. Lexical complexity was measured in two aspects： lexical variation and lexical sophistication. Vocabulary frequency index and vocabulary difficulty level were compared as they were both used in measuring lexical sophistication. It is found that text types and communicative modes significantly affect both lexical variation and lex- ical sophistication. In the argumentative task, learners＇ vocabulary use was the most var- ied but the least sophisticated; the smallest number of words, least variation but highest sophistication were observed in the descriptive task; the most varied vocabulary was found in the orientational task. In comparison with monologues, learners used more varied but less difficult vocabulary in conversations. Task complexity significantly affected lexical variation but not lexical sophistication. Increased task complexity resulted in decreased vocabulary complexity, which stands as counter-evidence of the ＂Cognition Hypothesis ＂.