母语和韵律单元等级对高级水平汉语学习者韵律边界产出的影响

Effects of L1 and Prosodic Hierarchy on Prosodic Boundary Production by Advanced CSL Learners

韵律边界的编码和解码在言语交际过程中起着非常重要的作用,反映了说者和听者的产出和理解能力。本研究以母语背景为德语和韩语的高级汉语水平学习者为研究对象,以汉语母语者的数据作为参照基线,考察韵律单元等级和母语背景对汉语韵律边界产出的影响。研究发现:(1)母语背景对汉语韵律边界的声学特征的产出具有显著影响。韩语短语和句子末尾形态标记对汉语无声段和边界前音节时长具有干扰作用;德语和汉语节奏时长的相似性有助于学习者习得汉语时长特征。(2)不同母语背景学习者汉语韵律边界声学特征的产出受到普遍因素的制约。不同语言之间普遍存在的低音点下倾和音高重置有助于德语和韩语母语者习得汉语韵律边界的音高特征。(3)汉语二语学习者对不同韵律边界特征的掌握程度是不同的,音高特征的习得好于时长特征。(4)汉语二语学习者韵律边界声学特征的习得对韵律单元等级关系的掌握具有连锁效应,每一个边界物理声学特征的掌握程度会促进或者阻碍韵律单元层级关系的习得。

The encoding and decoding of prosodic boundary plays a very important role in verbal communication, reflecting the ability to produce and understand speech. This study investigates the effects of L1 and prosodic hierarchy on prosodic boundary pro duction by German and Korean advanced CSL learners, with 15 Chinese native speakers used as baseline references. The results show that： （1） 1.1 has a significant impact on the boundary acoustic characteristics of CSI. learners--the morphological forms of Korean phrases and sentences may interfere with the acquisition of silent pauses and pre-lengthe-ning of L2 Chinese, whereas the rhythmic similarity between German and Chinese may contribute to the acquisition of L2 Chinese temporal features; （2） the 1.2 Chinese prosodic boundary production of different 1.1 speakers is effected by universal factors in that the pitch declination and pitch resetting could contribute to the acquisition of 1.2 Chinese pitch features; （3） the acquisition of different prosodic characteristics varies, with the acquisition of pitch features outperforming the temporal features; and （4） all boundary acoustic characteristics have knock-on effect on the acquisition of prosodic hierarchy, for one physical acoustic characteristic can promote or hinder the acquisition of prosodic hierarchy.