安徽省农村老年人危险和有害饮酒及尼古丁依赖现状

The hazardous and harmful drinking and nicotine dependence of rural elderly in Anhui Province

目的了解安徽省农村地区老年人危险和有害饮酒及尼古丁依赖的现状，探讨农村地区老年人危险和有害饮酒及尼古丁依赖的影响因素。方法2014年12月至2015年1月，以马鞍山市当涂县某乡镇为研究现场，采用整群抽样的方法抽取10个村。以年龄≥60岁，居住1年以上并且自愿参与本次调查研究的老年人为研究对象，排除痴呆、聋哑等无法交流者。采用老年健康状况综合评估问卷对符合纳入条件的老年人的社会人口学特征、危险和有害饮酒及尼古丁依赖状况、社会支持状况、日常生活能力、焦虑和抑郁情况进行问卷调查。采用多因素Ordinal Logistic回归分析方法分析危险及有害饮酒和尼古丁依赖的影响因素。结果共有3182名老年人参与调查，其中饮酒者有507人，危险及有害饮酒有227人，危险和有害饮酒的检出率是7．13％。吸烟者有538人，尼古丁依赖275人，尼古丁依赖的检出率是8．64％。多因素Ordinal Logistic回归分析结果显示，男性（OR=12．293，95％CI=8．758～17．253，P〈0．01）、年龄（OR=0．980，95％CI=0．960～0．997，P=0．024）、未婚（OR=1．815，95％CI=1．027—3．203，P=0．027）、吸烟（OR=2．795，95％CI=2．210～3．532，P〈0．01）、工具性日常生活能力差（OR=0．933，95％CI=0．884～0．985，P=0．012）、劳动强度小（OR=0．547，95％CI=0．394～0．760，P〈O．01）、身体状况差（OR=0．378，95％CI=0．261～0．547，P〈0．01）和一般（DR=0．546，95％CI=0．425～0．751，P〈0．01）是危险和有害饮酒的影响因素。男性（OR=46．572，95％CI=28．703～75．566，P〈0．01）、年龄（OR=0．974，95％CI=0．956—0．993，P=0．008）和饮酒（OR=2．689，95％CI=2．132—3．394，P〈0．01）是尼古丁依赖的影响因素。结论安徽省农村地区老年人危险和有害饮酒及尼古丁依赖具有相对较高的检出率。年龄、性别、工具性日常生活能力、劳动强度、身体健康状况和吸烟是危险和有害饮酒的影响因素，性别、年龄和饮酒是尼古丁依赖影响因素。

Objective To investigate the current situation of hazardous and harmful drinking and nicotine dependence of rural elderly in Anhui Province, and to explore the associated factors of hazardous and harmful drinking and nicotine dependence. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 10 villages between December 2014 and January 2015. Using the cluster sampling methods, the elderly aged 60 years or more and lived 1 or more years in the villages were recruited to voluntarily participate in the survey. Questionnaires about physical, mental health and related social resources of the elderly were used to assess the socio-demographic, alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence, anxiety, depression, social support, activities of daily living. Ordinal Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associated factors for hazardous and harmful drinking. Results A total of 3 182 elderly people completed the assessment, including 507 （15.93%） drinkers,538（16.91%） smokers and 259 （8.14%） that were both drinkers and smokers. The prevalence of the hazardous and harmful drinking behaviors among elderly was 7.13%. The rate of nicotine dependence was 8.64%. Ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that male gender（OR= 12.293,95% CI = 8.758-17.253, P〈0.01 ） , age（OR= 0.980,95% CI = 0.960-0.997, P= 0.024） , unmarried （OR= 1.815,95% CI = 1.027-3.203, P= 0.027） , smoking（OR= 2.795,95% CI = 2.210-3.532, P〈0.01 ） , poor instrumental activities of daily living（OR= 0.933,95% CI = 0.884-0.985, P= 0.012） , small labor intensity （OR= 0.547,95% CI =0.394-0.760, P〈0.01 ）,poor physical condition（OR= 0.378,95% CI = 0.261-0.547, P〈0.01 ） and general physical condition（OR=0.546,95% CI = 0.425-0.751, P〈0.01） were the influence factors of hazardous and harmful drinking. Male gender （OR = 46.572,95% CI = 28. 703-75. 566, P〈 0.01 ） , age （OR = 0.974, 95% CI = 0.956-0.993, P= 0.008） and drinking（OR= 2.689,95% CI = 2.132-3.394, P〈0.01 ） was the influ- ence factors of nicotine dependence. Conclusion The current situation of hazardous and harmful drinking and nicotine dependence of rural elderly is serious. Age, gender, unmarried, instrumental activities of daily living, labor intensity, smoking, and physic condition are the associated factors of hazardous and harmful drinking ; gender, age, and drinking are associated factor of nicotine dependence.