流动儿童社会适应现状及影响因素

The current situation of social adaptation and influencing factors in migrant children

目的了解流动儿童社会适应现状并探寻其影响因素。方法使用少年儿童社会适应量表和自我控制双系统量表，对石家庄市1547名10～16岁中小学生进行问卷调查。采用方差分析和逐步回归分析对数据进行统计分析。结果①流动儿童与城市儿童社会适应差异无统计学意义[（3．71±0．65）分，（3．70±0．69）分，P〉0.05]。②流动儿童群体中，女生社会适应得分高于男生，差异具有统计学意义[（3．80±0．59）分，（3．63±0．69）分，P〈0.01]；随着年级的升高，流动儿童社会适应总分呈下降趋势[（3．82±0．68）分，（3．72±0．64）分，（3．58±0．60）分，P〈0.01]。③流动儿童自我控制双系统中冲动系统对其社会适应有显著的负向预测作用（β=-0．299，P〈0.01）；控制系统对其社会适应有显著的正向预测作用（β=0．243，P〈0.01）；流动儿童家庭亲子关系、学校同伴关系均对社会适应有显著的正向预测作用（β=0．179，β=0．092，P〈0.01）；流动儿童所处群体性质与社会适应无显著相关关系（P〉0.05）。结论流动儿童与城市儿童社会适应无显著差异。流动儿童的自我控制、家庭亲子关系和学校同伴关系对其社会适应有显著的预测作用。

Objective To study the current situation of migrant children＇ s social adaptation and explore its influencing factors. Methods Tile study population was 1 547 children aged 10-16 years recruited from Shijiazhuang city. Social adaptation was collected through social adaptation questionnaire, whereas self- control was measured by children＇ s self-control investigating questionnaire. The data were statistically analyzed with the ANOVA and stepwise regression analysis. Results （1）There was no significant difference on social adaptation scores between migrant children and urban children （3.71 ±0.65,3.70±0.69, P〉0.05）. （2） Among migrant children, girls scored significantly higher than boys （3.80±0.59,3.63±0.69, P〈0.01 ）. And as the grade of the migrant children increased,the social adaptation scores decreased （3.82±0.68,3.72±0.64, 3.58±0.60, P〈 0.01 ）. （3）The poor control system had a significantly negative prediction on migrant children＇ s social adaptation （ β=-0.299, P〈0.01 ） , whereas the good self-control system had a significantly positive prediction on migrant children＇ s social adaptation （β= 0.243, P〈0.01 ）. Both parent-child relationship and peer relationship significantly positively predicted migrant children＇ s social adaptation （ β = 0. 179, β= 0.092, P〈0.01 ）. There was no significant correlation between the proportion of the migrant children in the classes and migrant children＇ s social adaptation （P〉0.05）. Conclusion There is no significant difference on social adaptation between migrant children and urban children. Children＇ s self-control, parent-child relationship and peer relationship have significant influence on social adaptation of migrant children .