李贽的文学观念与晚明小品文的勃兴

On Literary Concepts of Li Zhi and the Vigorous Growth of Essays in the Late Ming Dynasty

晚明小品文的勃兴,显然受到文学发展观念与心学哲学的影响。明代中后期的李贽,不仅创作出很多脱俗的小品文作品,而且以童心说这一哲学理念为基础,形成了自己独特的文论主张。他主张创作要出自本心和己意的理念,要切题,要有感而发;作为创作主体,要能够广泛读书,不抱成见,要有不依傍古人的独立思考和主见。这些文学观念,为明中叶后小品文的发展提供了思想上的借鉴,闪烁着智慧的精光,千古不磨,在今天依然有相当的启示意义。

The influence of literary development and philosophy of mind could be found in the vigorous growth of essays in the late Ming Dynasty. Li Zhi, an essayist in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, created many elegant essays, and formed his unique literary propositions with the philosophical basis of his Theory of the Childlike Heart. He proposed that the writer should produce his work by inclination and his own beliefs, keep to the point, and express his own i.deas, with ex- tensive reading and independent thinking free from the precedents and prejudice. These literary concepts offered the con- structive ideas with shining immortal wisdom for the development of the essays in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, which are still of great significance for today.