马克思政治经济学批判语境中的唯物史观

The Historical Materialism of the Context of Marx's Criticism of Political Economics

马克思沿着对"非神圣世界"批判的道路必然走向《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的"异化劳动"批判,而正是在对"异化劳动"的理论审视与批判中直接生成了重构国民经济学理论体系的初始诉求,这一理论诉求的历史性表达就是马克思付出巨大心血的《资本论》研究;在马克思提出重构国民经济学理论体系的课题时,他同时清醒地意识到要完成这个课题必须解决两个前提性任务——私有财产的普遍本质(工业资本)与异化劳动的来历。从本质上看,这两个问题的解决实际上意味着唯物史观基本理论框架的构建,它的文本表现形式就是《德意志意识形态》。唯物史观的核心内容生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动在《哲学的贫困》和《共产党宣言》中得到具体论述,并在《资本论》中得到科学论证。《资本论》既实现了对"现代社会的经济运动规律"的诠释,也使唯物史观得到了科学的论证和现象学的直观。

Along the criticism of ＂not the divine world＂, Marx is destined to ＂alienation labor＂ critique of ＂economic and philosophical manuscripts of 1844＂, and it is in the examining the theory of ＂alienation labor ＂ closely that Marx generated reconstructing national economic theory system of the initial appeal, the historic expression of this theory appeal is the Marx＇s ＂ Capital theory ＂ research in paying his lives. When Marx put forward to reconstructing the subject of theoretical system of national economies, he also clearly realized that he must solve two fist tasks for the general nature of private property （industrial capital） and the origin of alienation labor in order to complete this subject. In essence, to solve the two problems in fact means that Marx constructed the architecture of the basic theory of historical materialism, its text form is ＂the German ideology form＂. The core content of historical materialism meaning the contradiction movement be- tween productivity and production relations is expounded in ＂the poverty of philosophy ＂ and ＂communist manifest＂ in concrete, and gets the scientific arguments in the ＂ capital theory＂. ＂Capital theory＂ realizes to expl movement rule of modern society＂, also gives the historical materialism scientific argumentation and ph ain ＂the economic enomenological in-tuition.