农村地区留守儿童心理韧性状况的调查研究

Psychological resilience of the rural left-behind children

目的:调查留守儿童心理韧性状况及其特点,为提高留守儿童心理韧性提供参考。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取微山县794名留守儿童,采用青少年心理韧性量表、自编儿童一般资料调查问卷和学业水平评价表进行问卷调查。结果:(1)留守儿童心理韧性总分为(86.81±16.68)分,显著低于国内常模(92.68±13.60),差异有统计学意义(t=12.316,P<0.05);(2)男生在目标专注、情绪控制上得分显著低于女生(t=-3.824,-3.725,P<0.05);(3)学业水平优秀的留守儿童心理韧性显著高于学业水平不良的留守儿童(F=15.46,P<0.05);(4)父母学历高的留守儿童心理韧性显著高于父母学历低的留守儿童(F=16.38,P<0.05);(5)监护力度严格的留守儿童心理韧性显著高于监护力度放任的留守儿童(F=14.86,P<0.05)。结论:留守儿童心理韧性水平显著低于国内常模;性别、学业水平、父母学历、监护力度与留守儿童心理韧性均有密切关系。

objectiveTo explore the psychological resilience of rural left--behind children and its influence factors.Methods Totally 794 rural left--behind children selected from Weishan county by cluster random sampling were as- sessed by the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent（RSCA）, self--designed General Information Questionnaire and Academic level evaluation. Results The score of rural left--behind children＇resilience was （89.81 ±16.68）, which was significantly lower than that of the domestic norm（ （92.68 ± 13.60）, （t = 13. 742, P〈0.05））. The scores of target con- centration and emotional control were significantly lower in boys than in girls（t=- 3. 824,-3. 725 ;P〈0.05）. Psycho- logical resilience of left--behind children with excellent learning performance was better than those without（F= 15.46, P%0.05）. Psychological resilience of left--behind children whose parents have higher educational background was better than those without（F= 16.38, P〈0.05）. And psychological resilience of left--behind children supervised strictly was Significantly better than those not supervised strictly（F= 14.86, P〈0.05）. Conclusions Left--behind children＇s psychological resilience was significantly lower than the domestic norm. Gender, learning performance, parents＇ educational background and supervision are closely related to rural left--behind children＇s resilience.