工会参与对农民工工资率的影响——基于倾向值方法的检验

Union Wage Effects on Rural Migrants:An Empirical Analysis by Using Propensity Score Matching

农民工加入工会对其工资率影响如何,始终没有得到系统的诠释,中国工会甚至因其特殊性而在工资效应上受到一些质疑。基于国家卫生和计划生育委员会2013年流动人口动态监测调查数据,本文旨在深入探讨工会参与提升农民工工资水平的可能性。以OLS估计为基础,通过使用正态核匹配方法控制工会参与的选择偏差,并借助偏差矫正的匹配估计量检验相关结果的稳健性,本文发现,工会参与能够显著提升农民工工资率。进一步与城镇职工加以比较和对工会的工资影响机制进行分析后发现,农民工通过加入工会所获得的工资改善可能更为明显,而工资率的提升部分地得益于工会的合同保护效应和培训促进效应等。政府应当在农民工自愿加入工会的基础上采取更积极的促进政策,以改变农民工工会参与水平相对较低的现状。

There has been no systematic analysis on the effects of union participation on rural migrants＇ wage level. The wage differentials for union and non-union participation in China have even been challenged. Based on national migrant population dynamic monitoring survey data conducted by the National Health and Family Planning Commission in 2013, this article examines the effect of union participation on the increase in the wage paid to rural migrants. In addition to estimating the base regression model by using OLS, the study also uses kernel-based propensity score matching and bias-corrected matching estimator to correct the selection bias caused by union membership and to make robustness tests. It concludes that union participation can increase their pay significantly. Further analysis reveals that union wage effects on rural migrants may outpace urban employees, which is partly due to union/non-union differentials under the existence of employment contracts and vocational Irainings provided by unions. Since the proportion of union membership among rural migrants is relatively low, the study suggests that the government adopt more active policies to encourage and support rural migrants to join unions with their own flee will.