试析欧盟安全战略的新变化——基于对欧盟2003与2016安全战略报告的比较

Tentative Analysis of the Transformation of EU 's Security Strategy —— Based on the Comparative study of Two EU Security Strategy Reports Issued in 2003 and 2016

本文通过考察欧盟安全战略环境的深刻变化,在比较研究欧盟2003与2016年两份安全战略报告的基础上,考察分析欧盟安全战略目标的发展演变,并对欧盟实践新战略目标的指导思想及路径展开讨论与评析。2016年《欧盟外交与安全政策全球战略》报告是欧盟在全球新形势下为应对日益严峻挑战而推出的,它在相当程度上超越了2003年《欧洲安全战略》所设定的安全战略和外交理念。其具体表现为:一、随着欧盟安全战略环境的深刻变化,欧盟安全战略的排序发生了重大的变化,欧盟自身的安全被放在新安全战略目标的首位;二、欧盟不再将在其周边乃至全球范围推进民主化和政权更迭作为战略目标,而是强调在欧盟的小周边和大周边建构有韧性的国家与社会来保障欧盟的安全;三、欧盟新安全战略的核心指导思想转向了"有原则的务实主义"从而实现了对国际政治现实主义的某种回归;四、欧盟将通过提升自身的硬权力来实现自身的全球安全战略目标,并且在实现新安全战略目标过程中加强欧盟成员国之间的团结和欧盟机构之间的协调;五、欧盟将更加强调加强美欧跨大西洋联盟,其中尤其是更为重视北约的作用。

On the basis of the comparative study of two EU Security Strategy Reports issued in 2003and 2016,this article examines the evolution of the EU’s security strategy objectives through analyzing the profound changes in the EU strategic environment,and discusses the guiding ideology and path of the EU’s new strategic goals.It argues the EU’s new report'A Global Strategy for European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy'issued in 2016 is launched in response to the increasingly serious challenges against the background of global new situation.It goes far beyond the security strategy and diplomatic concept set by the EU’s 2003 Security Strategy.Firstly with the profound changes in the EU’s strategic security environment,the EU’s priorities in security strategy has undergone a major change,the EU’s own security has been placed on the first place.Secondly,the EU will no longer promote democratization and regime change as its main strategic goal,but stresses building resilience states and societies around it to protect the its security.Thirdly,the'principled pragmatism'as the core guidance idea in the new EU’s global security strategy shows a certain return to the political realism in EU’s foreign and security policies.Fourthly the EU will enhance its hard power to achieve its own global security strategic objectives,and in achieving the new strategic objectives EU will strengthen the unity of member states and its institutions.Fifthly the EU will be more emphasis on strengthening the transatlantic alliance between the United States and Europe,in particular,will pay more attention to the role of NATO.