论清代竹枝词创作范式转变与地位提升

Zhuzhi Poetry's Shift of Writing Pattern and Its Improvement of Status in the Qing Dynasty

清代竹枝词的创作,比起明代,有明显的"纪实"倾向。"竹枝词"或"百咏"的作品中,有许多引证典籍和方志的详细注释,作品注重"纪事""纪实"的追求。这种转变与清初"经世致用"和"文须有益于天下"等实用思想的提倡有关;同时,参与"修史"的愿望与实践,促使许多文人有意识地用竹枝词来兼记地志,使其成为"其文虽小,志则大焉"的传世之作。清人运用竹枝词来补地志之遗的志向,以及对一方风俗稽核精详的风气,很大程度上改变了竹枝词原有的以抒情为主的创作范式,而转变成以叙事为主的创作范式,促使竹枝词进一步拓展了纪实功能,清代竹枝词的审美变迁和创作范式的确立,对近代都市竹枝词创作影响深远。

Compared with the composition features in the Ming dynasty, zhuzhi poetry becomes more realistic in the Qing dynasty. Zhuzhi poetry and hundred endemic poetry are used to write detailed comments in ancient books and local chronicles, which pay special attention to documenting events and reality. These changes are related to the popularity of pragmatism that encourages contribution to society. At the same time, the intentional practice of taking part in compiling historical books enables many poets write local chronicles in the form of zhuzhi poetry. Because of their use of zhuzhi poetry to offer supplements to local chronicles and their empirical attitude to the study of local customs, the writing pattern of zhuzhi poetry shifts from lyricism to narration. Such a shift establishes aesthetic standard and pattern of writing in the Qing dynasty, hence its profound influence on modem urban zhuzhi poetry.