以书喻诗:明代复古派的书学与诗学

Analyzing Poetics with Calligraphy:Calligraphy and Poetics of the Classicist School in the Ming Dynasty

以书喻诗是明代复古诗学重要的批评策略,其上源自于苏轼与严羽,而后大盛于前七子、后七子以及末五子,这种将书学与诗学并举的言说方式,旨在取法书学的复古品格,为诗学上的复古找到理论上的根据,并形成了古雅的美学概念。进而言之,复古派突破书学与诗学外在美学形态的相通,上升到创作实践的高度,强调以书法临摹的方式来进行诗歌创作。总之,明代复古派正是以以书喻诗的方式确立了一套成熟的诗法观念,为复古思想在有明一代的大行其道奠定了基础。

Analyzing poetics with calligraphy is an important strategy for the Ming dynasty classicist poetics. It originates from Su Shi and Yah Yu, flourishes with the first seven celebrities and the last seven celebrities, and ends in the five litterateurs. Such a combination of calligraphy and poetics aims to establish classical aesthetics by learning from calligraphy in terms of its classical characteristics, and thus to find a theoretical basis for ancient poetics. Furthermore, the classicist school moves beyond the connection of form between calligraphy and poetics by emphasizing practice, namely, composing poetry in the way of coping calligraphic works. In short, the classicist school establishes a well-developed poetics by relating it to calligraphy, hence anticipating the widespread of classicism in the Ming dynasty.