章学诚“子史衰而文集之体盛”说发微

An Interpretation of Zhang Xuecheng's Idea "Works of Philosophers and History Failed,yet the Collection Flourished"

章学诚在《文史通义·诗教上》篇提出的"子史衰而文集之体盛"这一命题,以精炼的语言概括了战国以降诸子和史学等专门之学的衰落,与文人文集的兴起这一学术变化。此命题不仅描述了私人写作的形态变化,其深层意蕴在于揭示"私家之言"丧失立言宗旨的实质性变化。在史学衰落的相关论述中,章学诚特别强调了专门之学的丧失。此说不仅寄托了章学诚本人"成一家之言"的学术理想,更为《文史通义》所涉的其他畛域提供了价值判断标准。其中所包含的多对二元关系,与《书教》篇提出的"撰述"与"记注"有着一致的内在涵义,亦可以为理解章氏思维方式提供例证;对辞章之学和文人自矜文辞的批评,亦体现了章氏对"言公"之旨的追求。

In Shijiao Zhang Xuecheng argues that ＂the philosophers and history failed, yet the collection flourished＂, using refined words to summarize the change of academic studies after WaiTing States. Not only does the argument describe the change of private writing＇s form, but also reveals its substantial change, which is the loss of purposes. In his discussion of the decline of histoxy, Zhang Xuecheng especially emphasizes the loss of specialized subjects. This argument contains Zhang＇s academic ideal, and provides a frame of reference when it comes to other topics in Wenshi-Tongyi. The multiple dualities in this argument are consistent with the meaning of ＂write＂ （＂zhuanshu＂） and ＂record＂ （＂jizhu＂） in Shujiao. From his criticism to the art of writing, we could also see Zhang＇s pursuit of ＂yangong＂.